What is the difference between
Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Counsellors?

Psychologists and psychiatrists both undergo many years of extensive formal training. The basic difference is the focus of the training they have received.

Psychiatrists have a degree in medicine like your family physician, followed by specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, emotional disorders, and behavioural problems. They may more often choose to prescribe medication in the treatment of difficulties. Their fees are covered by the Medical Services Plan, but there can be long waiting lists to be seen on referral.

Psychologists in Alberta are licensed and regulated by the College of Alberta Psychologists. Psychologists have completed a bachelor’s degree and then continued in graduate training in psychology (the study of human development, learning, and behaviour), and may have specialized in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness, emotional disorders, and behavioural problems. Although they may have training in the uses of medication to treat mental illness, they do not prescribe medication. Psychologists work to help people understand the nature of difficulties they may be dealing with, develop insight and skills to minimize and manage the impact of problems, and may coordinate with other health service providers, including physicians. Psychologists are also the only professionals specifically trained and qualified in the development, research, and administration of specialized psychological tests used to assess elements of intelligence or achievement, personality characteristics, mental and emotional disorders, and/or the effects of brain injury. Fees for psychologists’ services are covered by private payment, extended medical plans, employee assistance programs, or through government agencies or other special programs. Psychologists in Alberta are licensed and regulated by the College of Alberta Psychologists.

Canadian Certified Counsellors (CCC) must hold a Master's or Ph.D. level degree in counselling or a related field from a government-recognized and accredited institution to attain this designation. Individuals receiving treatment from CCCs are assured that their clinician maintains specific professional training and ongoing education. Additionally, applicants must undergo a supervised counselling practicum and pass a criminal records check for the vulnerable sector. They also need two references from prior clinical supervisors. To maintain their registration, clinicians must provide proof of 36 hours of approved continuing education credits every three years. Fees for CCC services are covered by private payment and some extended medical plans. Although Direct Billing is not available for clinicians with the CCC designation, many insurance policies cover services provided by Certified Counsellors. We always recommend checking in with your insurance company before the onset of services if you are unsure of your plans coverage limits.